The Government, which is the dominant issuer of bonds in Indonesia, authorizes Ministry of Finance (MOF) treasury instruments and Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI). Corporate sector issuers comprise a small percentage of the bond market, representing 15% of total bonds outstanding as of December 2011.

The Government is the principal issuer in the debt market through the regular issuance of treasury bonds and treasury bills by the Ministry of Finance (MOF). Government bonds listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) can be found through the link provided below. BI also issues Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI), which are short-term bank certificates.

To improve market liquidity and provide better access for foreign and retail investors, the MOF offered its first ever 3-year retail bonds on 17 July 2006. Government retail bonds are bonds with a required minimum purchase of only IDR5 million, compared with the normal government bond minimum of IDR1 billion.

The Government has issued international bonds since 2004, when it initially tapped the global market for USD1 billion. Two subsequent bond issues in 2005 totaled USD2.5 billion. In June 2008, the Government issued its largest single international bond to raise USD2.2 billion, following issuance of USD2.0 billion in the first quarter of 2008. More recently, the government issued USD3 billion of international bonds in February 2009, bringing its total stock of international bonds to USD14.2 billion.

Corporate issuers re-entered the domestic and global debt market five years after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. PT Medco Energi Internasional, a private oil company, issued USD bonds in 2002, which paved the way for other private corporations to follow suit.

Corporate issuers have issued either conventional bonds or Islamic sukuk bonds. A list of corporate bond issuers can be found by following the link provided below.