The Government of Cambodia has undertaken comprehensive economic and structural reforms, beginning in 2001 when it adopted a Financial Sector Blueprint for 2001–2010. The strategy outlines the sequence of policy reforms, including plans for the establishment of a securities exchange in 2007, and the legal and regulatory framework for a market infrastructure. It also outlines the development of money market instruments, treasury bills, and the need to establish a bond market. Currently, Cambodia is in the second phase of implementation of the Financial Sector Blueprint.

The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), through the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), has issued treasury bills, recapitalization bonds, and certificates of deposit. No negotiable instruments have been issued yet. Draft laws for government securities and the issuance and trading of public securities to further financial sector development are under consideration. The Government has proposed a draft Non-Government Securities law that would allow the issuance and trading of negotiable debt instruments.