The Bank of Japan (BOJ) is responsible for the entire operation of Japanese government securities, namely issuance, registration, interest payment, and redemption.

The Ministry of Finance, linked below, is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance in Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs), announcing upcoming JGB issues, and providing relevant tax policies.

The Finance Services Agency (FSA) is the singular regulator for the Japanese financial industry. The Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission (SESC) is the FSA's enforcement arm for the securities market.

Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Law (SEL), the Japan Securities Dealers Association and the five stock exchanges are self-regulating organizations (SROs) that oversee and inspect day-to-day securities trading. Market surveillance is a shared responsibility of the SESC and SROs. The SEL is the fundamental law governing securities in Japan.